The DNS protocol has been around for decades and is a stable and
reliable protocol. Even so, DNS does occasionally have problems. PING is
a great tool for DNS server diagnosis, and I tend to use it quite
frequently myself. However, sometimes PING just doesn’t give you enough
information about the problem at hand. When you need more information
about a DNS problem than what PING provides you with, you can always
turn to the NSLOOKUP command. In this article, I will show you how to
use NSLOOKUP.
[...]
The NSLOOKUP Shell
Now that I have shown you how to use the NSLOOKUP command to see the IP address or addresses associated with the domain, let’s do something a little bit more useful. One of the things that you can do with NSLOOKUP is to look up a specific type of DNS record. A good example of this is an MX record.
In case you aren’t yet familiar with all of the intricacies of DNS, the MX record points to the organization’s mail server. For example, suppose that someone wanted to send an E-mail message to you, one of the first things that their mail server would have to do is to resolve your domain’s IP address. However, a normal address resolution won’t usually work for this purpose. In Figure A, you saw that when I ran a DNS query against the brienposey.com domain, the domain resolved to the address 24.235.10.4. Keep in mind though, that this is the IP address of the server that hosts my Web site, not the address of my mail server. If someone wanted to send me an E-mail message their E-mail client would have to resolve the IP address of my domain’s mail server. This is where the MX record comes into play. The MX record is a record on a domain’s DNS server that specifies the IP address of the domain’s mail server.
As you can see, the MX record is rather important. Suppose however that your domain was having trouble receiving E-mail and you suspected that a DNS server issue was to blame. You could use NSLOOKUP to confirm that the domain does indeed have an MX record and that the MX record is pointed to the correct IP address.
Earlier I briefly mentioned that you could work within the NSLOOKUP shell. To troubleshoot an MX record problem, you pretty much have to work within this shell. Therefore, you would start the process by entering the NSLOOKUP command at the command prompt.
Once the NSLOOKUP shell is open, you will need to tell NSLOOKUP which DNS server you want to query. To do so, enter the SERVER command, followed by the DNS server’s IP address. You can also enter the server’s fully qualified domain name (assuming that it can be resolved) as an alternative to the server’s IP address.
Now that you have specified a DNS server for NSLOOKUP to use, you can query domains without receiving the non-existent domain error messages that you saw earlier (as long as you remain within the NSLOOKUP shell). To do so, you would simply type the domain name that you want to query. For example, if you look at Figure C, you can see where I have specified a particular DNS server and then queried an external and an internal domain.
nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.
This is an example of interactive, prompted use of the nslookup application. The user executes the program without any arguments and issues parameters and queries at the program prompt ('>'):
In this example, the program first displays its default name server
configuration, after which the user changes the name server to be used
to the host at IP address 8.8.8.8. The type of query to be performed is specified by setting the type of record to be fetched (MX record). Finally, the user simply issues the domain name at the prompt to receive the query results. The command exit ends the interactive session and terminates the program.
Source
[very old command, not recomended for NT6.1??]
Para utilizar Nslookup.exe, tenga en cuenta lo siguiente:
The NSLOOKUP Shell
Now that I have shown you how to use the NSLOOKUP command to see the IP address or addresses associated with the domain, let’s do something a little bit more useful. One of the things that you can do with NSLOOKUP is to look up a specific type of DNS record. A good example of this is an MX record.
In case you aren’t yet familiar with all of the intricacies of DNS, the MX record points to the organization’s mail server. For example, suppose that someone wanted to send an E-mail message to you, one of the first things that their mail server would have to do is to resolve your domain’s IP address. However, a normal address resolution won’t usually work for this purpose. In Figure A, you saw that when I ran a DNS query against the brienposey.com domain, the domain resolved to the address 24.235.10.4. Keep in mind though, that this is the IP address of the server that hosts my Web site, not the address of my mail server. If someone wanted to send me an E-mail message their E-mail client would have to resolve the IP address of my domain’s mail server. This is where the MX record comes into play. The MX record is a record on a domain’s DNS server that specifies the IP address of the domain’s mail server.
As you can see, the MX record is rather important. Suppose however that your domain was having trouble receiving E-mail and you suspected that a DNS server issue was to blame. You could use NSLOOKUP to confirm that the domain does indeed have an MX record and that the MX record is pointed to the correct IP address.
Earlier I briefly mentioned that you could work within the NSLOOKUP shell. To troubleshoot an MX record problem, you pretty much have to work within this shell. Therefore, you would start the process by entering the NSLOOKUP command at the command prompt.
Once the NSLOOKUP shell is open, you will need to tell NSLOOKUP which DNS server you want to query. To do so, enter the SERVER command, followed by the DNS server’s IP address. You can also enter the server’s fully qualified domain name (assuming that it can be resolved) as an alternative to the server’s IP address.
Now that you have specified a DNS server for NSLOOKUP to use, you can query domains without receiving the non-existent domain error messages that you saw earlier (as long as you remain within the NSLOOKUP shell). To do so, you would simply type the domain name that you want to query. For example, if you look at Figure C, you can see where I have specified a particular DNS server and then queried an external and an internal domain.
Now, let’s get back to the business of looking up a domain’s MX record. To do so, you need to issue a command that tells NSLOOKUP to query based on MX records. The command that you will have to use is:
Figure C: The error messages go away if you specify a DNS server
SET QUERY=MXIssuing this command by itself won’t give you any information about the domain’s MX record though. For that you have to actually query the domain by entering the domain name. If you look at Figure D, you will see that I have specified an MX query and then entered the production.com domain name. NSLOOKUP now returns a wealth of information pertaining to my domain’s MX record.
============
Figure D: When an MX query is specified, you can get a wealth of information about your domain’s MX record
nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.
This is an example of interactive, prompted use of the nslookup application. The user executes the program without any arguments and issues parameters and queries at the program prompt ('>'):
$ nslookup Default Server: dsldevice.lan Address: 192.168.1.1 > server 8.8.8.8 Default Server: google-public-dns-a.google.com Address: 8.8.8.8 > set type=mx > wikipedia.org Server: google-public-dns-a.google.com Address: 8.8.8.8 Non-authoritative answer: wikipedia.org MX preference = 10, mail exchanger = mchenry.wikimedia.org wikipedia.org MX preference = 50, mail exchanger = lists.wikimedia.org > exit
Source
[very old command, not recomended for NT6.1??]
Para utilizar Nslookup.exe, tenga en cuenta lo siguiente:
- El protocolo TCP/IP debe estar instalado en el equipo donde se ejecuta Nslookup.exe
- Se debe especificar al menos un servidor DNS cuando se ejecuta el comando IPCONFIG /ALL desde un símbolo del sistema.
- Nslookup siempre devolverá el nombre del contexto actual. Si no califica totalmente una consulta de nombre (es decir, si no utiliza el punto del final), la consulta se anexará al contexto actual. Por ejemplo, la configuración de DNS actual es att.com y se realiza una consulta en www.microsoft.com; la primera consulta saldrá como www.microsoft.com.att.com porque la consulta no está completa. Este comportamiento puede ser incoherente con las versiones de otro proveedor de Nslookup y este artículo pretende clarificar el comportamiento de Nslookup.exe de Microsoft Windows NT.
- Si ha implementado el uso de la lista de búsquedas en el Orden de búsqueda del sufijo de dominio definido en la ficha DNS de la página Propiedades de Microsoft TCP/IP, la devolución no se producirá. La consulta se anexará a los sufijos de dominio especificados en la lista. Para evitar utilizar la lista de búsquedas, utilice siempre un Nombre de dominio completo (es decir, agregue el punto final al nombre).
Nslookup.exe se puede ejecutar en dos modos: interactivo y
no interactivo. El modo no interactivo es útil cuando sólo se necesita devolver
un fragmento de datos. La sintaxis para el modo no interactivo es la siguiente:
nslookup [-option] [hostname] [server]
Para iniciar Nslookup.exe en modo interactivo, basta con
escribir "nslookup" en el símbolo del sistema:
C:\> nslookup Default Server: nameserver1.domain.com Address: 10.0.0.1
Si se escribe "help" o "?" en el símbolo del sistema se
generará una lista de comandos disponibles. Todo lo que escriba en el símbolo
del sistema que no se reconozca como un comando válido se supone que es un
nombre de host y se intenta resolver utilizando el servidor predeterminado.
Para interrumpir comandos interactivos, presione CTRL+C. Para salir del modo
interactivo y volver al símbolo del sistema, escriba
exit en el símbolo del sistema.
Lo siguiente es la ayuda generada y contiene la lista completa de opciones:
Lo siguiente es la ayuda generada y contiene la lista completa de opciones:
Commands: (identifiers are shown in uppercase, [] means optional) NAME - print info about the host/domain NAME using default server NAME1 NAME2 - as above, but use NAME2 as server help or ? - print info on common commands set OPTION - set an option all - print options, current server and host [no]debug - print debugging information [no]d2 - print exhaustive debugging information [no]defname - append domain name to each query [no]recurse - ask for recursive answer to query [no]search - use domain search list [no]vc - always use a virtual circuit domain=NAME - set default domain name to NAME srchlist=N1[/N2/.../N6] - set domain to N1 and search list to N1, N2, and so on root=NAME - set root server to NAME retry=X - set number of retries to X timeout=X - set initial time-out interval to X seconds type=X - set query type (for example, A, ANY, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, SOA, SRV) querytype=X - same as type class=X - set query class (for example, IN (Internet), ANY) [no]msxfr - use MS fast zone transfer ixfrver=X - current version to use in IXFR transfer request server NAME - set default server to NAME, using current default server lserver NAME - set default server to NAME, using initial server finger [USER] - finger the optional NAME at the current default host root - set current default server to the root ls [opt] DOMAIN [> FILE] - list addresses in DOMAIN (optional: output to FILE) -a - list canonical names and aliases -d - list all records -t TYPE - list records of the given type (for example, A, CNAME, MX, NS, PTR, and so on) view FILE - sort an 'ls' output file and view it with pg exit - exit the program
Se pueden establecer varias opciones diferentes en
Nslookup.exe ejecutando el comando set en el símbolo del sistema. Para ver una lista completa de estas
opciones, escriba set all. Vea arriba, bajo el comando set, para obtener una lista de las opciones disponibles.
[...]
Solucionar problemas de Nslookup.exe
El servidor predeterminado superó el tiempo de espera
Al iniciar la utilidad Nslookup.exe pueden producirse los errores
siguientes:
*** No se puede encontrar el nombre de
servidor para la dirección w.x.y.z: Agotado el
tiempo de espera
NOTA
w.x.y.z es el primer servidor DNS mostrado en la lista Orden de búsqueda de servicio DNS.
w.x.y.z es el primer servidor DNS mostrado en la lista Orden de búsqueda de servicio DNS.
*** No se puede encontrar el nombre de servidor para la dirección 127.0.0.1:
Agotado el tiempo de espera
El primer error indica que no se
puede alcanzar el servidor DNS o que el servicio no está ejecutándose en ese
equipo. Para corregir este problema, inicie el servicio DNS en ese servidor o
compruebe si hay problemas de conectividad.
El segundo error indica que no se ha definido ningún servidor en la lista Orden de búsqueda de servicio DNS. Para corregir este problema, agregue a esta lista la dirección IP de un servidor DNS válido.
Para obtener información adicional, consulte el artículo o los artículos siguientes en Microsoft Knowledge Base:
El segundo error indica que no se ha definido ningún servidor en la lista Orden de búsqueda de servicio DNS. Para corregir este problema, agregue a esta lista la dirección IP de un servidor DNS válido.
Para obtener información adicional, consulte el artículo o los artículos siguientes en Microsoft Knowledge Base:
172060
NSLOOKUP: No se puede encontrar el nombre de servidor para la dirección 127.0.0.1
No se puede encontrar el nombre de servidor al iniciar Nslookup.exe
Al iniciar la utilidad Nslookup.exe puede producirse el siguiente error:
*** No se puede encontrar el nombre de
servidor para la dirección w.x.y.z: Dominio inexistente
Este error se produce cuando no hay ningún registro PTR para la dirección IP
del servidor de nombres. Cuando Nslookup.exe se inicia, hace una búsqueda
inversa para obtener el nombre del servidor predeterminado. Si no existen
ningún dato PTR, se devuelve este mensaje de error. Para corregirlo, asegúrese
de que existe una zona de búsqueda inversa y que contiene registros PTR para
los servidores de nombres.
Para obtener información adicional, consulte el artículo o los artículos siguientes en Microsoft Knowledge Base:
Para obtener información adicional, consulte el artículo o los artículos siguientes en Microsoft Knowledge Base:
172953
Cómo instalar y configurar el servidor DNS de Microsoft
Nslookup no funciona en dominios secundarios
Cuando se consulta o se realiza una transferencia de zona en un
dominio secundario, Nslookup puede devolver los errores siguientes:
*** ns.domain.com no puede encontrar
child.domain.com.: Dominio inexistente
*** No
se puede hacer una lista del dominio child.domain.com.: Dominio inexistente
En el Administrador de DNS se puede agregar un nuevo
dominio bajo la zona primaria, creando así un dominio secundario. Al crear un
dominio secundario de esta manera no se crea un archivo de base de datos
independiente para el dominio, por lo que al consultar así ese dominio o
ejecutar una transferencia de zona en él se generarán los errores anteriores.
Al ejecutar una transferencia de zona en el dominio primario se mostrarán datos
tanto para el dominio primario como para el dominio secundario. Para evitar
este problema, cree una nueva zona primaria en el servidor DNS para el dominio
secundario.
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